You may have seen Oprah’s TV special about weight loss, or maybe you have a family member on one of these medications. It seems like everyone is suddenly talking about Ozempic and the class of medications called “GLP-1 agonists.” Are they really a weight loss miracle?
What are GLP-1 drugs?
These medications mimic the hormone Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) which helps the pancreas release insulin in response to meals, safely lowering blood sugars. They also slow the movement of food through the digestive system which increases feelings of fullness.
Ozempic and Mounjaro are brand names used for those with diabetes.
Wegovy and Zepbound are used for weight loss support.
Are GLP-1 drugs safe?
While it seems like they are brand new, GLP 1’s have been studied since the 1980’s and have been available to the public for the treatment of diabetes since 2005. Following additional studies, the FDA also approved their use for weight loss in 2014.
Who qualifies for using GLP-1 drugs for weight loss?
If your BMI (Body Mass Index) is above 30 or it’s above 27 and you ALSO have an additional health condition like sleep apnea, high cholesterol or high blood pressure, you may qualify for the help of one of these medications.
What results can I expect?
A large study of 2000 patients without diabetes showed that using Ozempic/Wegovy in addition to diet and exercise for 68 weeks led to a 15% weight loss (1/3 of the participants lost up to 20% of their starting weight.) Those in the control group that were only coached on the lifestyle changes lost 2.4% of their weight.
Mounjaro/Zepbound leads to a slightly greater weight loss—the average participant lost between 15 and 20% of their starting weight.
Is it cheating to use GLP-1s?
Absolutely not! GLP-1’s should be considered an extra “tool” to help you follow through on healthier food choices, but they don’t do the work for you. Working with a Registered Dietitian prior to starting the medication and while you are taking it can help you reduce the risk of side effects and lose weight at a healthy pace, so you retain muscle mass.
Our office utilizes body composition testing instead of standard weigh-in’s, so specific guidance can be provided on food choices to maximize results.
Do you have to take them forever?
That’s a good question, and the answer is probably different for each person. Research shows that most people re-gain at least a portion of their weight back after discontinuing the medication. However, some may find that their weight loss allows them to be more active and exercise daily, which is a known factor in preventing weight re-gain.
What are the side effects?
Some people report nausea and either constipation or diarrhea when starting these medications. These effects can often be reduced or eliminated by eating small portions at regular intervals and boosting intake of high fiber foods. Sometimes fiber supplements can be helpful in addition to plenty of water. There is an increased risk of some thyroid cancers as well as pancreatitis, so be sure to talk with your doctor about your personal and family history.
Am I a good candidate?
Ultimately, you need to work with your doctor to answer that question, but your dietitian can help you talk through the pro’s and con’s. You may want to check to see if your insurance covers the medicine on your plan since the cost can be expensive.
If you are already taking a GLP-1 medication, read our article on important Tips for Success While Taking Weight Loss Meds.
Amy Mendez is a dietitian with over 25 years of experience in metabolic health. She is taking on new patients at our Longmont office and via telehealth. Schedule an appointment.
